Scheduled tasks

A task that is triggered on a recurring schedule using CRON syntax.

To use scheduled tasks you need to do two things:

1. Define a task in your code using schedules.task().
2. Attach a schedule to the task either using the dashboard or the SDK.

A task can have multiple schedules attached to it.

Like all tasks they don’t have timeouts, they should be placed inside a /trigger folder, and you can configure them.

Defining a scheduled task

import { schedules } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";

//this task will run when any of the attached schedules trigger
export const firstScheduledTask = schedules.task({
  id: "first-scheduled-task",
  run: async (payload) => {
    //when the task was scheduled to run
    //note this will be slightly different from new Date() because it takes a few ms to run the task
    console.log(payload.timestamp); //is a Date object

    //when the task was last run
    //this can be undefined if it's never been run
    console.log(payload.lastTimestamp); //is a Date object or undefined

    //the schedule id (you can have many schedules for the same task)
    //using this you can remove the schedule, update it, etc
    console.log(payload.scheduleId); //is a string

    //you can optionally provide an external id when creating the schedule
    //usually you would set this to a userId or some other unique identifier
    //this can be undefined if you didn't provide one
    console.log(payload.externalId); //is a string or undefined

    //the next 5 dates this task is scheduled to run
    console.log(payload.upcoming); //is an array of Date objects
  },
});

You can see from the comments that the payload has several useful properties:

• timestamp - the time the task was scheduled to run
• lastTimestamp - the time the task was last run
• scheduleId - the id of the schedule that triggered the task
• externalId - the external id you (optionally) provided when creating the schedule
• upcoming - the next 5 times the task is scheduled to run

This task will NOT get triggered on a schedule until you attach a schedule to it. Read on for how to do that.

Supported CRON syntax

*    *    *    *    *
┬    ┬    ┬    ┬    ┬
│    │    │    │    |
│    │    │    │    └ day of week (0 - 7, 1L - 7L) (0 or 7 is Sun)
│    │    │    └───── month (1 - 12)
│    │    └────────── day of month (1 - 31, L)
│    └─────────────── hour (0 - 23)
└──────────────────── minute (0 - 59)

“L” means the last. In the “day of week” field, 1L means the last Monday of the month. In the “day of month” field, L means the last day of the month.

We do not support seconds in the CRON syntax.

When schedules won’t trigger

There are two situations when a scheduled task won’t trigger:

• For Dev environments scheduled tasks will only trigger if you’re running the dev CLI.
• For Staging/Production environments scheduled tasks will only trigger if the task is in the current deployment (latest version). We won’t trigger tasks from previous deployments.

Attaching schedules in the dashboard

You need to attach a schedule to a task before it will run on a schedule. You can attach static schedules in the dashboard:

1. Go to the Schedules page

   In the sidebar select the “Schedules” page, then press the “New schedule” button. Or you can follow the onboarding and press the create in dashboard button.

2. Create your schedule

   Fill in the form and press “Create schedule” when you’re done.

   These are the options when creating a schedule:

   Name	Description
   Task	The id of the task you want to attach to.
   CRON pattern	The schedule in CRON format.
   External id	An optional external id, usually you’d use a userId.
   Deduplication key	An optional deduplication key. If you pass the same value, it will update rather than create.
   Environments	The environments this schedule will run in.

Attaching schedules with the SDK

You call schedules.create() to create a schedule from your code. Here’s the simplest possible example:

const createdSchedule = await schedules.create({
  //The id of the scheduled task you want to attach to.
  task: firstScheduledTask.id,
  //The schedule in CRON format.
  cron: "0 0 * * *",
});

The task id must be a task that you defined using schedules.task().

You can create many schedules with the same task, cron, and externalId but only one with the same deduplicationKey.

This means you can have thousands of schedules attached to a single task, but only one schedule per deduplicationKey. Here’s an example with all the options:

const createdSchedule = await schedules.create({
  //The id of the scheduled task you want to attach to.
  task: firstScheduledTask.id,
  //The schedule in CRON format.
  cron: "0 0 * * *",
  //Optionally, you can specify your own IDs (like a user ID) and then use it inside the run function of your task.
  //This allows you to have per-user CRON tasks.
  externalId: "user_123456",
  //(Optional) You can only create one schedule with this key.
  //If you use it twice, the second call will update the schedule.
  //This is useful if you don't want to create duplicate schedules for a user.
  deduplicationKey: "user_123456-todo_reminder",
});

See the SDK reference for full details.

Dynamic schedules (or multi-tenant schedules)

By using the externalId you can have schedules for your users. This is useful for things like reminders, where you want to have a schedule for each user.

A reminder task:

/trigger/reminder.ts

import { schedules } from "@trigger.dev/sdk/v3";

//this task will run when any of the attached schedules trigger
export const reminderTask = schedules.task({
  id: "todo-reminder",
  run: async (payload) => {
    if (!payload.externalId) {
      throw new Error("externalId is required");
    }

    //get user using the externalId you used when creating the schedule
    const user = await db.getUser(payload.externalId);

    //send a reminder email
    await sendReminderEmail(user);
  },
});

Then in your backend code, you can create a schedule for each user:

Next.js API route

import { reminderTask } from "~/trigger/reminder";

//app/reminders/route.ts
export async function POST(request: Request) {
  //get the JSON from the request
  const data = await request.json();

  //create a schedule for the user
  const createdSchedule = await schedules.create({
    task: reminderTask.id,
    //8am every day
    cron: "0 8 * * *",
    //the user id
    externalId: data.userId,
    //this makes it impossible to have two reminder schedules for the same user
    deduplicationKey: `${data.userId}-reminder`,
  });

  //return a success response with the schedule
  return Response.json(createdSchedule);
}

You can also retrieve, list, delete, deactivate and re-activate schedules using the SDK. More on that later.

Testing schedules

You can test a scheduled task in the dashboard. Note that the scheduleId will always come through as sched_1234 to the run.

1. Go to the Test page

   In the sidebar select the “Test” page, then select a scheduled task from the list (they have a clock icon on them)

2. Create your schedule

   Fill in the form [1]. You can select from a recent run [2] to pre-populate the fields. Press “Run test” when you’re ready

Managing schedules with the SDK

Retrieving an existing schedule

const retrievedSchedule = await schedules.retrieve(scheduleId);

See the SDK reference for full details.

Listing schedules

const allSchedules = await schedules.list();

See the SDK reference for full details.

Updating a schedule

const updatedSchedule = await schedules.update(scheduleId, {
  task: firstScheduledTask.id,
  cron: "0 0 1 * *",
  externalId: "ext_1234444",
});

See the SDK reference for full details.

Deactivating a schedule

const deactivatedSchedule = await schedules.deactivate(scheduleId);

See the SDK reference for full details.

Activating a schedule

const activatedSchedule = await schedules.activate(scheduleId);

See the SDK reference for full details.

Deleting a schedule

const deletedSchedule = await schedules.del(scheduleId);

See the SDK reference for full details.

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